25 March 1644: Massacre of Scanian peasants at the Battle of Borst

On today's date, according to local oral tradition, up to 500 Scanian farmers are massacred by Swedish cavalry in the battle of Borst north of Vombsjön in Färs härad in Skåne, which was then part of Denmark. You will find links to the National Heritage Board's reports at the end of the article, where you can read about the results of their archaeological investigations.

The event in brief:

Sweden attacked Denmark-Norway in a war that came to be called The Torstensonian War, which lasted between 1643 and 1645. The war was instigated by Axel Oxenstierna with the aim of lifting the Danish Öresund toll and making strategic gains to make future Danish attacks on Sweden more difficult.

On the southern front towards Danish Skåne, a campaign was led by Field Marshal Gustav Horn, which came to be known as Horn's War. On 14 February 1644, a Swedish army entered Skåne via Markaryd under the command of Horn.

“En svensk kavallerienhet bestående av två skvadroner, totalt 300 ryttare med tross, under befäl av generalmajor Hans Wachtmeister, sändes i mars ut från Lund för att skaffa proviant och foder åt armén.” – Evert Persson,
history buff

It was these 300 horsemen who, on their way to plunder Bjärsjölagård and Övedskloster, encountered resistance at Borstbäcken consisting of up to 500 poorly armed and untrained Scanian peasants. The peasant rebellion is said to have originated from all parishes in Färs härad. Spears, clubs, clubs, weapons and the occasional wheel-lock rifle met battle-hardened Swedish soldiers with firearms and blank weapons. The Faroese were quickly defeated, and according to legend, all the peasants lost their lives and were buried in a mass grave adjacent to the battlefield. However, no mass grave has been found during archaeological investigations.

How many farmers actually lost their lives that day is not known for sure. What happened has been passed down through local oral traditions. Little written evidence exists. That the battle took place, however, is known with a high degree of certainty, after the Swedish National Heritage Board UV Syd conducted a survey in spring 2006 and later in 2007 and found a lot of finds on the site that confirmed the local oral tradition.

“Vi anser att de arkeologiska resultaten betydligt stärkt sanningshalten i den lokala muntliga traditionen om att det förekommit strider vid Borstabäcken. Fynden är visserligen fåtaliga, men de pekar unisont på en datering till 1600-talet.” – Riksantikvarieämbetet UV Syd undersökning 2006:2

The National Heritage Board's field surveys

The Swedish National Heritage Board UV Syd survey 2006:2
National Heritage Board UV Syd survey 2007:7

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